We have analyzed the atomic arrangements and quantum conductance of silver nanowires generated by mechanical elongation. The surface properties of Ag induce unexpected structural properties, such as, for example, predominance of high aspect-ratio rodlike wires. The structural behavior was used to understand the Ag quantum conductance data and the proposed correlation was confirmed by means of theoretical calculations. These results emphasize that the conductance of metal point contacts is determined by the preferred atomic structures, and that atomistic descriptions are essential to interpret the quantum transport behavior of metal nanostructures.6515