Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Aim: To compare two management strategies for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2, and evaluate reproducibility of the diagnosis. Patients and Methods: Ninety (90) women with biopsy-proven CIN2 diagnosed through the Brazilian public health service were randomly allocated into two groups: 45 in prospective follow-up without treatment, and 45 for radical loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LLETZ). As in the real-life situation, pathology-reviewed diagnoses and HPV genotypes were not available. Results: Excision of the lesion proved to be more effective than prospective follow-up in reaching clearance of CIN2 (hazard ratio=3.66; 95% confidence interval 2.02-6.64). However, 44.1% of the lesions regressed without treatment during the 12-month follow-up. Conclusion: CIN2 lesions regress without treatment in one year, although an ablative procedure is more effective. However, excision of CIN2 may lead to additional morbidity and costs, and tailoring the management on an individual basis may result in better outcome. Misclassification of CIN2 is not a negligible problem.O TEXTO COMPLETO DESTE ARTIGO, ESTARÁ DISPONÍVEL À PARTIR DE DEZEMBRO DE 2014.30623192323Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [03/08180-6]