Polyurethane (PU)/acrylate hybrids with different acrylic contents (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 wt %) were prepared by the polymerization of acrylic monomers in the presence of preformed PU chains with polymerizable terminal vinyl groups. Films obtained by the casting of polymer dispersions before and after thermal annealing were characterized by dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TEM electron energy-loss spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel fraction determination. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle Xray scattering, mechanical properties testing, atomic force microscopy, water contact angle testing, Buchholz hardness testing, and roughness testing of the films were also performed. The effects of the acrylic content and thermal treatment on the structure and properties were determined. TEM showed that a core shell morphology was formed during polymerization. When the acrylic content increased, smaller particles without core shell morphologies were observed. TEM energy-loss spectroscopy studies confirmed this observation. Systems with up to 50 wt % acrylic component were homogeneous, as determined by SAXS, before and after thermal annealing. An attempt to incorporate a higher amount of acrylic component led to phase-separated materials with a different morphology and, therefore, different properties. The relationship between the acrylic content and properties did not follow linear behavior. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 2694-2705, 2010116526942705CICPBA, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica and LNLS - Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory/MCT [D11A-SAXS 3443/04]CICPBA, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica and LNLS - Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory/MCT [D11A-SAXS 3443/04]