In an article of 1920 entitled "Die Erscheinungsformen, des Irreseins," published in Kraepelin's phase of theoretical maturity, this great German scholar presented a rereading of his thinking on psychopathology, considering that clinical manifestations of mental diseases are never direct expressions of underlying pathogenic processes. Manifestations depend on a complex interaction with the subject in his or her history during which changes have been installed and inscribed.121161166