Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Introduction. A perfusion fluid used in the preservation of a grafted liver represents a medium suitable for microorganism growth. This study investigated the prevalence of perfusion fluid contamination, acute cellular rejection (ACR) episodes, and patient survival rate. Method. This is a retrospective study, based on an electronic database allocating cases of orthotopic liver transplantation. The exclusion criteria were as follows: having been submitted to multiple organ transplantation, liver retransplantation only, and those whose samples had not been collected or sent on the back table procedure or were unobtainable (usually the samples were sent when there was donor infection suspicion/positivity). Our posttransplantation infection prophylactic protocol consisted of ampicillin/sulbactam for 72 hours. The variables in the study were as follows: fluid contamination, presence of acute cellular rejection (ACR, Banff classification), and recipient survival at the first year. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square with Fisher exact test considering significant P < .05. Results. We observed perfusion fluid contamination in 15/121 (12.39%). The agents were as follows: Klebsiella pneumoniae in 6 (4.96%), Staphylococcus epidermidis in 5 (4.13%), and Acinetobacter baumanii in 3 (2.48%) and negative cultures in 106 (87.60%). Only 1 patient had matching for donor infection and positivity hemoculture after the transplantation (K pneumoniae) and he was the only patient associated with fluid infection and death. The recipients who had their fluid preservation with positive cultures had more ACR and the survival rate was similar among those with or without infection. Conclusion. Optimization of microbiological procedures can be performed including fungal and bacterial cultures.43413131315Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)