Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Objectives: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the long-term clinical performance of non-carious Class V restorations with and without application of chlorhexidine digluconate to acid-etched dentine. Methods: After the approval of the Ethics and Informed Consent Committee, 70 non-carious cervical lesions were selected and randomly assigned into two groups, according to the split mouth design. The control group was restored with a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) following manufacturer's instructions; whereas in the experimental group 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution was applied to acid etched dentine for 30 s after etching and prior to the adhesive application. All lesions were restored with a nanofilled composite resin (Filtek Supreme XT) and polymerized with a light-curing unit operating at 600 mW/cm(2). Clinical performance was recorded after 1 week, 6, 12, and 36 months using modified Ryge/USPHS criteria in terms of retention, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, post-operative sensitivity, and secondary caries incidence. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square, Fisher's exact test and McNemar tests (alpha = .05). Results: After 36 months the control group showed a success rate of 88% in comparison to 76% of experimental group; however, no statistically difference between them was found (p = .463). Moreover, no statistical differences were observed between groups in the criteria post-operative sensitivity, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, and secondary caries incidence between the two groups. Conclusion: The addition of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate conditioning step does not improve the clinical durability of adhesive restorations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.411211881195Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)