The aim of this study was to estimate the correlations among agronomic, physiological and phytochemical traits of two varieties of Artemisia annua and to identify correlations that can be used in selection and breeding processes for this species. The design was completely randomized and the treatments were for Artemisia annua varieties 2/39x5x3M and 2/39x1V, which were subjected to agronomic, physiological and phytochemical evaluations. The relationship among the studied traits was estimated with Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the significance level of correlations was established by the t-test using Genes software. A significant positive correlation was found between the traits canopy volume and essential oil yield for 2/39x5x3M variety, showing that the selection of plants with a larger canopy volume would facilitate indirect selection of the trait essential oil yield. This correlation was not found for the 2/39x1V variety. In both varieties, there was a significant negative correlation between canopy volume and artemisinin content, which suggested that the selection of plants with a large canopy volume and a large number of branches should be avoided if the goal is to increase artemisinin content.151135141Almeida, R.D., Peluzio, J.M., Afferri, F.S., Phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations in soybeans grown under irrigated lowland conditions, southern Tocantins (2010) Biosciense Journal, 26, pp. 95-99De Carvalho, F.I.F., Lorencetti, C., Benin, G., Estimativas e implicações da correlação no melhoramento vegetal (2004) Estimates and implications of correlation in plant breeding, p. 142. , Pelotas: Ed. 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