Artículos de revistas
Detection Of Benz[j]aceanthrylene In Urban Air And Evaluation Of Its Genotoxic Potential
Registro en:
Environmental Science And Technology. American Chemical Society, v. 49, n. 5, p. 3101 - 3109, 2015.
0013936X
10.1021/es505458g
2-s2.0-84924067741
Autor
Lim H.
Mattsson A.
Jarvis I.W.H.
Bergvall C.
Bottai M.
Morales D.A.
Kummrow F.
Umbuzeiro G.A.
Stenius U.
Westerholm R.
Dreij K.
Institución
Resumen
Benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A) is a cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with strong mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. We have identified B[j]A in air particulate matter (PM) in samples collected in Stockholm, Sweden and in Limeira, Brazil using LC-GC/MS analysis. Determined concentrations ranged between 1.57 and 12.7 and 19.6-30.2 pg/m3 in Stockholm and Limeira, respectively, which was 11-30 times less than benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) concentrations. Activation of the DNA damage response was evaluated after exposure to B[j]A in HepG2 cells in comparison to B[a]P. We found that significantly lower concentrations of B[j]A were needed for an effect on cell viability compared to B[a]P, and equimolar exposure resulted in significant more DNA damage with B[j]A. Additionally, levels of γH2AX, pChk1, p53, pp53, and p21 proteins were higher in response to B[j]A than B[a]P. On the basis of dose response induction of pChk1 and γH2AX, B[j]A potency was 12.5- and 33.3-fold higher than B[a]P, respectively. Although B[j]A levels in air were low, including B[j]A in the estimation of excess lifetime cancer risk increased the risk up to 2-fold depending on which potency factor for B[j]A was applied. Together, our results show that B[j]A could be an important contributor to the cancer risk of air PM. 49 5 3101 3109 Loomis, D., Grosse, Y., Lauby-Secretan, B., El Ghissassi, F., Bouvard, V., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Guha, N., Straif, K., The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution (2013) Lancet Oncol., 14 (13), pp. 1262-1263 (2010), 92. , IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Some Non-Heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and SomeRelated Exposures. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of CarcinogenicRisks to Humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Ed. IARC Press: Lyon, FranceBoström, C.E., Gerde, P., Hanberg, A., Jernström, B., Johansson, C., Kyrklund, T., Rannug, A., Westerholm, R., Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air (2002) Environ. Health Perspect., 110, pp. 451-488 (2000), World Health Organisation (WHO), Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, Second ed. WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 91. World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Ed. WHO: Copenhagen, DenmarkJarvis, I.W.H., Dreij, K., Mattsson, A., Jernström, B., Stenius, U., Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex mixtures and implications for cancer risk assessment (2014) Toxicology, 321, pp. 27-39 Luch, A., On the impact of the molecule structure in chemical carcinogenesis (2009) Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology, 99, pp. 151-179. , In Luch, A. Birkhäuser: Basel, Vol Siddens, L.K., Larkin, A., Krueger, S.K., Bradfield, C.A., Waters, K.M., Tilton, S.C., Pereira, C.B., Phillips, D.H., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as skin carcinogens: Comparison of benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[def,p]chrysene and three environmental mixtures in the FVB/N mouse (2012) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 264 (3), pp. 377-386 Brown, A.S., Brown, R.J., Coleman, P.J., Conolly, C., Sweetman, A.J., Jones, K.C., Butterfield, D.M., Roberts, I., Twenty years of measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in UK ambient air by nationwide air quality networks (2013) Environ. Sci. Process Impacts, 15 (6), pp. 1199-1215 Okona-Mensah, K.B., Battershill, J., Boobis, A., Fielder, R., An approach to investigating the importance of high potency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the induction of lung cancer by air pollution (2005) Food Chem. Toxicol., 43 (7), pp. 1103-1116 Bergvall, C., Westerholm, R., Identification and determination of highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrene isomers in air particulate samples from a street canyon, a rooftop, and a subway station in Stockholm (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol., 41 (3), pp. 731-737 Jia, Y., Stone, D., Wang, W., Schrlau, J., Tao, S., Simonich, S.L., Estimated reduction in cancer risk due to PAH exposures if source control measures during the 2008 Beijing Olympics were sustained (2011) Environ. Health Perspect., 119 (6), pp. 815-820 Layshock, J., Simonich, S.M., Anderson, K.A., Effect of dibenzopyrene measurement on assessing air quality in Beijing air and possible implications for human health (2010) J. Environ. Monit, 12 (12), pp. 2290-2298 Menichini, E., Merli, F., Dibenzopyrenes, other PAHs with molecular weight 302, and selected carcinogenic PAHs seldom determined: Identification and one-year quantification in urban air (2012) Int. J. Environ. Anal Chem., 92 (14), pp. 1609-1625 Slezakova, K., Pires, J.C., Castro, D., Alvim-Ferraz, M.C., Delerue-Matos, C., Morais, S., Pereira, M.C., PAH air pollution at a Portuguese urban area: Carcinogenic risks and sources identification (2013) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 20 (6), pp. 3932-3945 Mass, M.J., Jeffers, A.J., Ross, J.A., Nelson, G., Galati, A.J., Stoner, G.D., Nesnow, S., Ki-ras oncogene mutations in tumors and DNA adducts formed by benz[ j ]aceanthrylene and benzo[ a ]pyrene in the lungs of strain A/J. Mice (1993) Mol. Carcinog., 8 (3), pp. 186-192 Nesnow, S., Gold, A., Sangaiah, R., Slaga, T.J., Mouse skin tumor-initiating activity of benz[ j ]aceanthrylene in SENCAR mice (1993) Cancer Lett., 73 (23), pp. 73-76 Holme, J.A., Bjorge, C., Soderlund, E.J., Brunborg, G., Becher, R., Lag, M., Schwarze, P.E., Nesnow, S., Genotoxic effects of cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in isolated rat hepatocytes and rabbit lung cells (1993) Carcinogenesis, 14 (6), pp. 1125-1131 Nesnow, S., Lasley, J., Curti, S., Ross, J., Nelson, G., Sangaiah, R., Gold, A., Morphological transformation and DNA adduct formation by benz[ j ]aceanthrylene and its metabolites in C3H10T1/2CL8 cells: Evidence for both cyclopenta-ring and bay-region metabolic activation pathways (1991) Cancer Res., 51 (22), pp. 6163-6169 Johnsen, N.M., Brunborg, G., Haug, K., Scholz, T., Holme, J.A., Metabolism and activation of cyclopenta polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in isolated human lymphocytes, HL-60 cells and exposed rats (1998) Chem. Biol. Interact, 114 (12), pp. 77-95 Johnsen, N.M., Nyholm, S.H., Haug, K., Scholz, T., Holme, J.A., Metabolism and activation of cyclopenta polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in liver tissue from rats and humans (1998) Chem. Biol. Interact, 113 (3), pp. 217-237 Grimmer, G., Jacob, J., Dettbarn, G., Naujack, K.W., Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, azaarenes, and thiaarenes emitted from coal-fired residential furnaces by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1985) Fresenius' Z. Anal. Chem., 322 (6), pp. 595-602 Schmidt, W., Grimmer, G., Jacob, J., Dettbarn, G., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and thiaarenes in the emission from hard-coal combustion (1986) Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 13 (12), pp. 1-16 Kamens, R.M., Fulcher, J.N., Ball, L.M., Gold, A., Analysis of cyclopentafused isomers of benz(a)anthracene in wood smoke (1987) Biomed Environ. Mass Spectrom., 14 (8), pp. 369-374 Gao, H., Zhou, L., Ma, M.Q., Chen, X.G., Hu, Z.D., Composition and source of unknown organic pollutants in atmospheric particulates of the Xigu District, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China (2004) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 72 (5), pp. 923-930 Li, Z., Wu, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, L., Zhu, H., Qin, L., Feng, F., Wang, W., Analysis of coal tar pitch and smoke extract components and their cytotoxicity on human bronchial epithelial cells (2011) J. Hazard Mater., 186 (23), pp. 1277-1282 Rodgman, A., Smith, C.J., Perfetti, T.A., The composition of cigarette smoke: A retrospective, with emphasis on polycyclic components (2000) Hum Exp Toxicol, 19 (10), pp. 573-595 Suzuki, S., Kaneko, T., Tsuchiya, M., Characterization of C12 to C45 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fused-ring heterocyclic compounds in coal tar pitch and airborne total suspended particle (1996) J. Environ. Chem., 6 (4), pp. 511-520 Wang, Q., Kobayashi, K., Zhou, M., Lu, S., Dong, S., Nakajima, D., Sekigushi, K., Terasaki, M., Study on the size-segregated distribution of 37 species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmospheric fine particles of Japan (2014) Air Pollution XXII, pp. 131-143. , In, Longhurst, J. Brebbia, C. WIT Press: Williamsville, NY Bergvall, C., Westerholm, R., Determination of 252-302 da and tentative identification of 316-376 da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in standard reference materials 1649a urban dust and 1650b and 2975 diesel particulate matter by accelerated solvent extraction-HPLC-GC-MS (2008) Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 391 (6), pp. 2235-2248 Sadiktsis, I., Koegler, J.H., Benham, T., Bergvall, C., Westerholm, R., Particulate associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exhaust emissions from a portable power generator fueled with three different fuels-A comparison between petroleum diesel and two biodiesels (2014) Fuel, 115 (0), pp. 573-580 Knasmuller, S., Parzefall, W., Sanyal, R., Ecker, S., Schwab, C., Uhl, M., Mersch-Sundermann, V., Langer, T., Use of metabolically competent human hepatoma cells for the detection of mutagens and antimutagens (1998) Mutat. Res., 402 (12), pp. 185-202 Jarvis, I.W.H., Bergvall, C., Bottai, M., Westerholm, R., Stenius, U., Dreij, K., Persistent activation of DNA damage signaling in response to complex mixtures of PAHs in air particulate matter (2013) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 266 (3), pp. 408-418 Niziolek-Kierecka, M., Dreij, K., Lundstedt, S., Stenius, U., γh2AX, pChk1, and Wip1 as potential markers of persistent DNA damage derived from dibenzo[ a, l ]pyrene and PAH-containing extracts from contaminated Soils (2012) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 25 (4), pp. 862-872 Tarantini, A., Maitre, A., Lefebvre, E., Marques, M., Marie, C., Ravanat, J.L., Douki, T., Relative contribution of DNA strand breaks and DNA adducts to the genotoxicity of benzo[ a ]pyrene as a pure compound and in complex mixtures (2009) Mutat. Res., 671 (12), pp. 67-75 Mosmann, T., Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays (1983) J. Immunol. Methods, 65 (12), pp. 55-63 Karlsson, H.L., Nilsson, L., Möller, L., Subway particles are more genotoxic than street particles and induce oxidative stress in cultured human lung cells (2005) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 18 (1), pp. 19-23 Carpenter, A.E., Jones, T.R., Lamprecht, M.R., Clarke, C., Kang, I.H., Friman, O., Guertin, D.A., Moffat, J., CellProfiler: Image analysis software for identifying and quantifying cell phenotypes (2006) Genome Biol., 7 (10), p. 100 Huber, P.J., The behavior of maximum likelihood estimates under nonstandard conditions (1967) Proceedings of the Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Vol. 1: Statistics, pp. 221-233. , University of California Press: Berkeley, CA (2014), Minnesota Department of Health. Guidance for evaluating the cancer potency ofpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures in environmental samples. () October 31Nesnow, S., Leavitt, S., Easterling, R., Watts, R., Toney, S.H., Claxton, L., Sangaiah, R., Fraher, P., Mutagenicity of cyclopenta-fused isomers of benz(a)anthracene in bacterial and rodent cells and identification of the major rat liver microsomal metabolites (1984) Cancer Res., 44 (11), pp. 4993-5003 Sangaiah, R., Gold, A., Toney, G.E., Toney, S.H., Claxton, L., Easterling, R., Nesnow, S., Benz[ j ]aceanthrylene: A novel polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with bacterial mutagenic activity (1983) Mutat. Res., 119 (3), pp. 259-266 Umbuzeiro, G.A., Kummrow, F., Morales, D.A., Alves, D.K., Lim, H., Jarvis, I.W.H., Bergvall, C., Dreij, K., Sensitivity of salmonella YG5161 for detecting PAH-associated mutagenicity in air particulate matter (2014) Environ. Mol. Mutagen, 55 (6), pp. 510-517 Solhaug, A., Refsnes, M., Lag, M., Schwarze, P.E., Husoy, T., Holme, J.A., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induce both apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals in Hepa1c1c7 cells (2004) Carcinogenesis, 25 (5), pp. 809-819 Buterin, T., Hess, M.T., Luneva, N., Geacintov, N.E., Amin, S., Kroth, H., Seidel, A., Naegeli, H., Unrepaired fjord region polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in ras codon 61 mutational hot spots (2000) Cancer Res., 60 (7), pp. 1849-1856 Dreij, K., Seidel, A., Jernström, B., Differential removal of DNA adducts derived from anti-diol epoxides of dibenzo[ a, l ]pyrene and benzo[ a ]pyrene in human cells (2005) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 18 (4), pp. 655-664 Geacintov, N.E., Broyde, S., Buterin, T., Naegeli, H., Wu, M., Yan, S., Patel, D.J., Thermodynamic and structural factors in the removal of bulky DNA adducts by the nucleotide excision repair machinery (2002) Biopolymers, 65 (3), pp. 202-210 Jarvis, I.W.H., Bergvall, C., Morales, D.A., Kummrow, F., Umbuzeiro, G.A., Westerholm, R., Stenius, U., Dreij, K., Nanomolar levels of PAHs in extracts from urban air induce MAPK signaling in HepG2cells (2014) Toxicol. Lett., 229 (1), pp. 25-32 Westerholm, R., Bergvall, C., Sadiktsis, I., Johansson, C., Stenius, U., Mätning av starkt carcinogena dibensopyrener i jämförelse med humancarcinogenen bens(a)pyren [B(a)P] i Stockholmsluft från vägtrafik (2012) Report (In Swedish) to the Stockholm County Council. Stockholm (2012), 1. , p Ravindra, K., Sokhi, R., Van Grieken, R., Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source attribution, emission factors and regulation (2008) Atmos. Environ., 42 (13), pp. 2895-2921 Mattsson, A., Jernström, B., Cotgreave, I.A., Bajak, E., H2AX phosphorylation in A549 cells induced by the bulky and stable DNA adducts of benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene diol epoxides (2009) Chem. Biol. Interact, 177 (1), pp. 40-47 Rogakou, E.P., Boon, C., Redon, C., Bonner, W.M., Megabase chromatin domains involved in DNA double-strand breaks in vivo (1999) J. Cell Biol., 146 (5), pp. 905-916 Audebert, M., Zeman, F., Beaudoin, R., Pery, A., Cravedi, J.P., Comparative potency approach based on H2AX assay for estimating the genotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2012) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 260 (1), pp. 58-64 Bartos, T., Cupr, P., Klanova, J., Holoubek, I., Which compounds contribute most to elevated airborne exposure and corresponding health risks in the Western Balkans? (2009) Environ. Int., 35 (7), pp. 1066-1071 Amarillo, A.C., Tavera Busso, I., Carreras, H., Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban environments: Health risk assessment by age groups (2014) Environ. Pollut., 195, pp. 157-162 Wang, J., Chen, S., Tian, M., Zheng, X., Gonzales, L., Ohura, T., Mai, B., Simonich, S.L., Inhalation cancer risk associated with exposure to complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in an electronic waste and urban area in South China (2012) Environ. Sci. Technol., 46 (17), pp. 9745-9752