Males of the Neotropical harvestman Ampheres leucopheus (Mello-Leitão 1922) were observed guarding egg-batches attached to the undersurface of leaves. As recorded for other paternal harvestmen, males of A. leucopheus guard egg-batches containing eggs in different developmental stages as well as newly hatched nymphs. This is the second case of paternal care recorded among gonyleptids and the fifth in the order Opiliones.313441444Gnaspini, P., Reproduction and postembryonic development of Goniosoma spelaeum, a cavernicolous harvestman from southeastern Brazil (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (1995) Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 28, pp. 137-151Machado, G., Oliveira, P.S., Reproductive biology of the neotropical harvestman (Goniosoma longipes) (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae): Mating and oviposition behaviour, brood mortality, and parental care (1998) Journal of Zoology, 246, pp. 359-367Machado, G., Raimundo, R.L.G., Parental investment and the evolution of subsocial behaviour in harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) (2001) Ethology, Ecology and Evolution, 13, pp. 133-150Martens, J., Further cases of paternal care in Opiliones (Arachnida) (1993) Tropical Zoology, 6, pp. 97-107Mora, G., Parental care in harvestman, Zygopachylus albomarginis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (1990) Animal Behavior, 39, pp. 582-593Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Systematic review and cladistic analysis of the Caelopyginae (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (2002) Arquivos de Zoologia, 36, pp. 357-464Rodriguez, C.A., Guerrero, S., La historia natural y el comportamiento de Zygopachylus albomarginis (Chamberlin) (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae) (1976) Biotropica, 8, pp. 242-247Tallamy, D.W., Evolution of exclusive paternal care in arthropods (2001) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 46, pp. 139-165Willemart, R.H., Gnaspini, P., Breeding biology of the cavernicolous harvestman Goniosoma albiscriptum (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores): Sites of oviposition, egg batch characteristics and subsocial behaviour Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, , in press