Objective: To evaluate the surface roughness of acrylic resin submitted to chemical disinfection via 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) or 1% peracetic acid (C2H4O3). Materials and Methods: The disc-shaped resin specimens (30mm diameter ×4mm height) were polymerized by heated water using two cycles (short cycle: 1h at 74°C and 30min at 100°C; conventional long cycle: 9h at 74°C). The release of substances by these specimens in water solution was also quantified. Specimens were fabricated, divided into four groups (n = 10) depending on the polymerization time and disinfectant. After polishing, the specimens were stored in distilled deionized water. Specimens were immersed in 1% NaClO or 1% C2H4O3 for 30min, and then were immersed in distilled deionized water for 20min. The release of C2H4O3 and NaClO was measured via visual colorimetric analysis. Roughness was measured before and after disinfection. Roughness data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: There was no interaction between polymerization time and disinfectant in influencing the average surface roughness (Ra, P = 0.957). Considering these factors independently, there were significant differences between short and conventional long cycles (P = 0.012), but no significant difference between the disinfectants hypochlorite and C2H4O3 (P = 0.366). Visual colorimetric analysis did not detect release of substances. Conclusion: It was concluded that there was the difference in surface roughness between short and conventional long cycles, and disinfection at acrylic resins polymerized by heated water using a short cycle modified the properties of roughness.84533537Lai, C.P., Tsai, M.H., Chen, M., Chang, H.S., Tay, H.H., Morphology and properties of denture acrylic resins cured by microwave energy and conventional water bath (2004) Dent Mater, 20, pp. 133-141Austin, A.T., Basker, R.M., Residual monomer levels in denture bases The effects of varying short curing cycles (1982) Br Dent J, 153, pp. 424-426Rahal, J.S., Mesquita, M.F., Henriques, G.E., Nóbilo, M.A., Water sorption and solubility of acrylic resins Influence of chemical and mechanical polishing on water sorption and solubility of denture base acrylic resins (2004) Braz Dent J, 15, pp. 225-230Berger, J.C., Driscoll, C.F., Romberg, E., Luo, Q., Thompson, G., Surface roughness of denture base acrylic resins after processing and after polishing (2006) J Prosthodont, 15, pp. 180-186Kulak-Ozkan, Y., Kazazoglu, E., Arikan, A., Oral hygiene habits, denture cleanliness, presence of yeasts and stomatitis in elderly people (2002) J Oral Rehabil, 29, pp. 300-304Guler, U., Budak, Y., Ruh, E., Ocal, Y., Canay, S., Akyon, Y., Effect of mixing techniques on bacterial attachment and disinfection time of polyether impression material (2013) Eur J Dent, 7, pp. S54-S59Infection control recommendations for the dental office and the dental laboratory (1996) J Am Dent Assoc, 127, pp. 672-680. , Council on Dental Materials, Instrument, and Equipment, Council on Dental Practice, Council on Dental TherapeuticsVerran, J., Maryan, C.J., Retention of Candida albicans on acrylic resin and silicone of different surface topography (1997) J Prosthet Dent, 77, pp. 535-539Mähönen, K., Virtanen, K., Larmas, M., The effect of prosthesis disinfection on salivary microbial levels (1997) J Prosthet Dent, 77, pp. 535-539Elkassas, D.W., Fawzi, E.M., El Zohairy, A., The effect of cavity disinfectants on the micro-shear bond strength of dentin adhesives (2014) Eur J Dent, 8, pp. 184-190Shang, C., Blatchley III, E.R., Chlorination of pure bacterial cultures in aqueous solution (2001) Water Res, 35, pp. 244-254Guiraldo, R.D., Borsato, T.T., Berger, S.B., Lopes, M.B., Gonini-Jr, A., Sinhoreti, M.A., Surface detail reproduction and dimensional accuracy of stone models: Influence of disinfectant solutions and alginate impression materials (2012) Braz Dent J, 23, pp. 417-421Fernandes, F.H., Orsi, I.A., Villabona, C.A., Effects of the peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite on the colour stability and surface roughness of the denture base acrylic resins polymerised by microwave and water bath methods (2013) Gerodontology, 30, pp. 18-25Chassot, A.L., Poisl, M.I., Samuel, S.M., In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of a peracetic acid-based disinfectant for decontamination of acrylic resins (2006) Braz Dent J, 17, pp. 117-121Lottanti, S., Gautschi, H., Sener, B., Zehnder, M., Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic, etidronic and peracetic acid irrigation on human root dentine and the smear layer (2009) Int Endod J, 42, pp. 335-343Yap, A.U., Wu, S.S., Chelvan, S., Tan, E.S., Effect of hygiene maintenance procedures on surface roughness of composite restoratives (2005) Oper Dent, 30, pp. 99-104Joniot, S., Salomon, J.P., Dejou, J., Grégoire, G., Use of two surface analyzers to evaluate the surface roughness of four esthetic restorative materials after polishing (2006) Oper Dent, 31, pp. 39-46Barbosa, D.B., de Souza, R.F., Pero, A.C., Marra, J., Compagnoni, M.A., Flexural strength of acrylic resins polymerized by different cycles (2007) J Appl Oral Sci, 15, pp. 424-428Orsi, I.A., Andrade, V.G., Bonato, P.S., Raimundo, L.B., Herzog, D.S., Borie, E., Glutaraldehyde release from heat-polymerized acrylic resins after disinfection and chemical and mechanical polishing (2011) Braz Dent J, 22, pp. 490-496Andrés, M.T., Tejerina, J.M., Fierro, J.F., Reliability of biologic indicators in a mail-return sterilization-monitoring service: A review of 3 years (1995) Quintessence Int, 26, pp. 865-870Koda, T., Tsuchiya, H., Yamauchi, M., Ohtani, S., Takagi, N., Kawano, J., Leachability of denture-base acrylic resins in artificial saliva (1990) Dent Mater, 6, pp. 13-16Angelillo, I.F., Bianco, A., Nobile, C.G., Pavia, M., Evaluation of the efficacy of glutaraldehyde and peroxygen for disinfection of dental instruments (1998) Lett Appl Microbiol, 27, pp. 292-296Orsi, I.A., Andrade, V.G., Effect of chemical disinfectants on the transverse strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resins submitted to mechanical and chemical polishing (2004) J Prosthet Dent, 92, pp. 382-388