Artículos de revistas
Vertebrate Dispersal Syndromes Along The Atlantic Forest: Broad-scale Patterns And Macroecological Correlates
Registro en:
Global Ecology And Biogeography. , v. 17, n. 4, p. 503 - 513, 2008.
1466822X
10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00386.x
2-s2.0-44949175863
Autor
Almeida-neto M.
Campassi F.
Galetti M.
Jordano P.
Oliveira-filho A.
Institución
Resumen
Aim: To assess the geographical variation in the relative importance of vertebrates, and more specifically of birds and mammals, as seed dispersal agents in forest communities, and to evaluate the influence of geographical and climatic factors on the observed trends. Location: One hundred and thirty-five forest communities in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Methods: We collected data on dispersal modes for 2292 woody species. By combining species × site with species × trait matrices, we obtained the percentages of endozoochory, ornithochory, mastozoochory and the mean fruit diameter for the local forest communities. We used Spearman's correlation to assess bivariate relationships between variables. Subsequently, we performed paired t-tests to verify if variations in frequency of dispersal modes and mean fruit diameter were influenced by altitude or temperature. Then, we applied multiple linear regressions to evaluate the effect of geographical and climatic variables on variation in the relative frequency of dispersal modes and mean fruit diameter across communities. Results: We found no consistent latitudinal or longitudinal trend in the percentage of vertebrate-dispersed species, neither bird- nor mammal-dispersed species along the Atlantic forest. Endozoochory was affected chiefly by annual mean rainfall, increasing towards moister sites. Forest communities located at higher altitudes had a higher percentage of bird-dispersed species. Even when sites with identical values of annual mean temperature were compared, altitude had a positive effect on ornithochory. Conversely, we found a higher percentage of mammal-dispersed species in warmer forests, even when locations at the same altitudinal belts were contrasted. Fruit diameter was clearly related to altitude, decreasing towards higher elevations. Main conclusions: This is the first analysis of a large data set on dispersal syndromes in tropical forest communities. Our findings support the hypotheses that: (1) geographical variation in the relative number of fleshy fruit species is mainly driven by moisture conditions and is relatively independent of geographical location, and (2) broad-scale trends in fruit size correspond to geographical variation in the relative importance of mammals and birds as seed dispersal agents at the community level. © 2008 The Author Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing. 17 4 503 513 Baker, H.G., Seed weight in relation to environmental conditions in California (1972) Ecology, 53, pp. 997-1010 Borcard, D., Legendre, P., All-scale spatial analysis of ecological data by means of principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (2002) Ecological Modelling, 153, pp. 51-68 Bullock, S.H., Plant reproduction in neotropical dry forests (1995) Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests, pp. 277-297. , (ed. by S. Bullock, H. Mooney and E. Medina) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK Burnham, K.P., Anderson, D.R., (2002) Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical-theoretic Approach, , 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, New York (1992) Resoluções CONAMA. 1984-1991: Resolução Número 20 De 18 De Junho De 1986, , CONAMA-Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente -Brasil Correa, S.B., Winemiller, K.O., López-Fernández, H., Galetti, M., Evolutionary perspectives on seed consumption and dispersal by fishes (2007) Bioscience, 57, pp. 748-756 Da Silva, H.R., Britto-Pereira, M.C., Caramaschi, U., Frugivory and seed dispersal by Hyla truncata, a neotropical treefrog (1989) Copeia, 3, pp. 781-783 Diniz-Filho, J.A.F., Bini, L.M., Hawkins, B.A., Spatial autocorrelation and red herrings in geographical ecology (2003) Global Ecology and Biogeography, 12, pp. 53-64 Diniz-Filho, J.A.F., Bini, L.M., Modelling geographical patterns in species richness using eigenvector-based spatial filters (2005) Global Ecology and Biogeography, 14, pp. 177-185 (1992) Normais Climatológicas (1961-1990), , DNMet Departamento Nacional de Meteorologia, Ministério da Agricultura, Brasília, Brazil Donatti, C.I., Galetti, M., Pizo, M.A., Guimarães, P.R., Jordano, P., Living in the land of ghosts: Fruit traits and the importance of large mammals as seed dispersers in the Pantanal, Brazil (2007) Seed Dispersal: Theory and Its Application in A Changing World, pp. 104-123. , (ed. by A.J. Dennis, E.W. Schupp, R.J. Green and D.W. Westcott) CAB International, Wallingford, UK Dutilleul, P., Modifying the t-test for assessing the correlation between two spatial processes (1993) Biometrics, 49, pp. 305-314 Eriksson, O., Friis, E.M., Löfgren, P., Seed size, fruit size, and dispersal systems in angiosperms from the Early Cretaceous to the Late Tertiary (2000) The American Naturalist, 156, pp. 47-58 Figueira, J.E.C., Vasconcellos-Neto, J., Garcia, M.A., de Souza, A.L.T., Saurocory in Melocactus violaceus (Cactaceae) (1994) Biotropica, 26, pp. 295-301 (1998) Atlas Da Evolução Dos Remanescentes Florestais Da Mata Atlântica E Ecossistemas Associados No Período De 1990-1995, , Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica/INPE/Instituto Socio-ambiental Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica/INPE/ Instituto Socio-ambiental (ISA), São Paulo Gentry, A.H., Patterns of neotropical plant species diversity (1982) Evolutionary Biology, 15, pp. 1-84 Gentry, A.H., Diversity and floristic composition of neotropical dry forests (1995) Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests, pp. 146-194. , (ed. by H. Bullock, H.A. Mooney and E. Medina) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK Gill, A.M., Brooker, M.I.H., Moore, P.H.R., Seed weights and numbers as a function of fruit size and subgenus in some Eucalyptus species from south-western Australia (1992) Australian Journal of Botany, 40, pp. 103-111 Githiru, M., Lens, L., Bennur, L.A., Ogol, C., Effects of site and fruit size on the composition of avian frugivore assemblages in a fragmented afrotropical forest (2002) Oikos, 96, pp. 320-330 Graham, M.H., Confronting multicollinearity in ecological multiple regression (2003) Ecology, 84, pp. 2809-2815 Griffith, D.A., Spatial autocorrelation and spatial filtering (2003) Gaining Understanding Through Theory and Visualization, , Springer-Verlag, Berlin Griffiths, M.E., Lawes, J.L., Biogeographic, environmental, and phylogenetic influences on reproductive traits in subtropical forest trees, South Africa (2006) Ecography, 29, pp. 614-622 Grubb, P.J., Metcalfe, D.J., Adaptation and inertia in the Australian tropical lowland rain forest flora contradictory trends in intergeneric and intrageneric comparisons of seed size in relation to light demand (1996) Functional Ecology, 10, pp. 512-520 Hammond, D., Brown, V., Seed size of woody plants in relation to disturbance, dispersal, soil type in wet neotropical forests (1995) Ecology, 76, pp. 2544-2561 Harper, J.L., Lovell, P.H., Moore, K.G., The shapes and sizes of seeds (1970) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1, pp. 327-356 Herrera, C.M., Vertebrate-dispersed plants of the Iberian Peninsula: A study of fruit characteristics (1987) Ecological Monographs, 57, pp. 305-331 Howe, H.F., Smallwood, J., Ecology of seed dispersal (1982) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 13, pp. 201-228 Hughes, L., Dunlop, M., French, K., Leishman, M.R., Rice, B., Rodgerson, L., Westoby, M., Predicting dispersal spectra: A minimal set of hypotheses based on plant attributes (1994) Journal of Ecology, 82, pp. 933-950 Jordano, P., Angiosperm fleshy fruits and seed dispersers: A comparative analysis of adaptation and constraints in plant-animal interactions (1995) The American Naturalist, 145, pp. 163-191 Jordano, P., Fruits and frugivory (2000) Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities, pp. 125-166. , (ed. by M. Fenner) CAB International, Wallingford, UK Koenig, W.D., Knops, J.M.H., Testing for spatial autocorrelation in ecological studies (1998) Ecography, 21, pp. 423-429 Legendre, P., Spatial autocorrelation: Trouble or a new paradigm? (1993) Ecology, 74, pp. 1659-1673 Legendre, P., Legendre, L., (1998) Numerical Ecology, , 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam Leishman, M.R., Wright, I.J., Moles, A.T., Westoby, M., The evolutionary ecology of seed size (2000) The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities, pp. 31-58. , (ed. by M. Fenner) CAB International, Wallingford, UK Levey, D., Seed size and fruit-handling techniques of avian frugivores (1987) The American Naturalist, 129, pp. 471-485 Lord, J., Egan, J., Clifford, T., Jurado, E., Leishman, M., Williams, D., Westoby, M., Larger seeds in tropical floras: Consistent patterns independent of growth form and dispersal mode (1997) Journal of Biogeography, 24, pp. 205-211 Lorenzi, H., (2002) Árvores Brasileiras: Manual De Identificação E Cultivo De Plantas Arbóreas Do Brasil, 1-2. , 4th edn. Instituto Plantarum, Nova Odessa, Brazil (1906) Flora Brasiliensis, , Martius, C.F.P. von, Endlicher, S., Eichler, A.G. & Urban, J. (eds) München, Wien, Leipzig, Germany. 15 volumes Metcalfe, D.J., Grubb, P.J., The ecology of very small-seeded shade-tolerant trees and shrubs in lowland rain forest in Singapore (1997) Functional Ecology, 11, pp. 215-221 (1999) Diretrizes Para a Política De Conservação E Desenvolvimento Sustentável Da Mata Atlântica, , Ministério do Meio Ambiente Caderno número 13. Brasília, DF, Brazil Mittermeier, R.A., Robles-Gil, P., Hoffman, M., Pilgrim, J.D., Brooks, T.M., Mittermeier, C.G., Lamoreux, J.L., da Fonseca, G.A.B., (2004) Hotspots Revisited: Earth's Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions, , CEMEX, Mexico City Moles, A.T., Ackerly, D.D., Tweddle, J.C., Dickie, J.B., Smith, R., Leishman, M.R., Mayfield, M.M., Westoby, M., Global patterns in seed size (2007) Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16, pp. 109-116 Oliveira-Filho, A.T., Fontes, M.A., Patterns of floristic differentiation among Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil and the influence of climate (2000) Biotropica, 32, pp. 793-810 Oliveira-Filho, A.T., Jarenkow, J.A., Rodal, M.J.N., Floristic relationships of seasonally dry forests of eastern South America based on tree species distribution patterns (2006) Neotropical Savannas and Dry Forests: Plant Diversity, Biogeography and Conservation, pp. 159-192. , (ed. by R.T. Pennington, J.A. Ratter and G.P. Lewis) CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA van der Pijl, L., (1982) Principles of Dispersal in Higher Plants, , 3rd edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Primack, R.B., Relationships among flowers, fruits, and seeds (1987) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, pp. 409-430 Rangel, T.F.L.V.B., Diniz-Filho, J.A.F., Bini, L.M., Towards an integrated computational tool for spatial analysis in macroecology and biogeography (2007) Global Ecology and Biogeography, 15, pp. 321-327 Salisbury, E.J., (1942) The Reproductive Capacity Of Plants, , Bell and Sons, London Tabarelli, M., Peres, C.A., Abiotic and vertebrate seed dispersal in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: Implications for forest regeneration (2002) Biological Conservation, 106, pp. 165-176 Tabarelli, M., Vicente, A., Barbosa, D.C.A., Variation of seed dispersal spectrum of woody plants across a rainfall gradient in north-eastern Brazil (2003) Journal of Arid Environments, 53, pp. 197-210 Valido, A., Olesen, J.M., The importance of lizards as seed dispersers (2007) Seed Dispersal: Theory and Its Application in a Changing World, pp. 124-147. , (ed. by A.J. Dennis, E.W. Schupp, R.J. Green and D.W. Westcott) CAB International, Wallingford, UK Westoby, M., Rice, B., Howell, J., Seed size and plant growth form as factors in dispersal spectra (1990) Ecology, 71, pp. 1307-1315 Wheelwright, N.T., Fruit size, gape width, and the diets of fruit-eating birds (1985) Ecology, 6, pp. 808-818 Willson, M.F., Irvine, A.K., Walsh, N.G., Vertebrate dispersal syndromes in some Australian and New Zealand plant communities, with geographic comparisons (1989) Biotropica, 21, pp. 133-147 Willson, M.F., Rice, B.L., Westoby, M., Seed dispersal spectra: A comparison of temperate plant communities (1990) Journal of Vegetation Science, 1, pp. 547-562 Wright, I.J., Ackerly, D.D., Bongers, F., Harms, K.E., Ibarra-Manriquez, G., Martinez-Ramos, M., Mazer, S.J., Wright, S.J., Relationships among ecologically important dimensions of plant trait variation in seven neotropical forests (2007) Annals of Botany, 99, pp. 1003-1015