Polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF) are myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) that arise from the clonal proliferation of a pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor, leading to the overproduction of one or more myeloid lineages. Recently, a specific mutation in the JAK2 gene, which encodes a tyrosine kinase, has been shown to be associated with the myeloproliferative phenotype observed in PV, ET and IMF. In this study of Brazilian patients, the JAK2 V617F mutation [c.1887G > T) was detected in four out of 49 patients with PV (96%), 14 out of 25 patients with IMF (56%), and in eight out of 29 patients with ET, which is in accordance with previous screenings of this mutation in other populations.336338Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)