Los nativos americanos utilizaron alucinógenos con propósitos religiosos y terapéuticos. Un estudio de su uso en el noroeste argentino ha resuelto cuestiones arqueológicas. Un ejemplo de ello, es la explicación de algunas relaciones de las tierras bajas orientales con los altos andinos occidentales. Este trabajo es interesate ya que presenta información botánica, arqueológica, etnográfica e histórica.Native americans used hallucinogens for religious and therapeulic purposes. A study of their use in the Argentinian northeast, has solved archaeological questions, For example, we can now explain some of the relationships of the eastern lowlands with the far western highlands of the Andes. This article presents botanical,archaeological, ethnographic and historical information about cebil (Anadenanthera colubrina) and other plants, that had great comercial and ritual functions. The role of the jaguar in thehallucinogenic complex is shown, along with the artifacts usedfor their use: snuffboxes, nasal aspirators, small flasks, etcetera.