Caracterización zoométrica y genética del caballo autóctono de los cantones Chambo y Guamote de la provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The investigation was to evaluate the morphological and genetically autochthonous equines (Equus caballus) from Atillo and Guayllabamba communities, to standardize the breed. For this purpose, 70 autochthonous horses (Equus caballus), were studied, 11 zoometric measures were taken 7 zoometrics indexes were calculated by using the descriptive-statistical analysis. For the genetic analysis, 22 animals were selected and entered in the creole biotype, they were studied in 25 microsatellites amplified by PCR, and the fragments and alethic typification were analyzed by means of Genescan Analysis 3.1.2 software and Genotyper 2.5, respectively, at the laboratory of Molecular Genetics Applied Animal Breeding Company Consulting, SL, of the University of Cordova in Spain. The calculates indexes allowed to classify horses at the area, such as: dolichocephals (47,1%) longilineal (58,6%), dolicothoracics (57,1%), dolicomorphs (85,7%), low correlation (42,9%), mesopelvics (41,4%) and long proportional (78,6%), The inter-breed genetic diversity presented high alethics variability at each microsatellite, the higher expected heterozygosity was found in the marker ASB17 a value of 0,8837 and lowest for TKY344 with a value of 0,6821; 5 from the 25 markers became significantly diverted from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) showed that marker VHL20 detects significant excess of homozygotes in the population, while the marks ASB2 and TKY343 detect a significant defect of homozygotes, showed a high intra-breed genetical diversity, observing that the breed did not divert from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. It is concluded that structure and inter-breed genetic diversity are at the same cluster of Marismeño horse and Gallego Pure Breed. Further investigations are recommended to establish standards breed and expand the genetic variability within this breed.