Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento y reutilización del agua residual del proceso de hemodiálisis de la Clínica de los Riñones MENYDIAL Riobamba

Abstract

A wastewater treatment plant was designed at the Menydial kidney clinic - Riobamba, Riobamba, for water from the hemodialysis process of patients with renal impairment. Experimental method was used in the design for physical-chemical characterization of wastewater and compare the results obtained with INEN 1 108:2010, observing variations in hardness, conductivity, turbidity, total solids, dissolved solids and organic load with the measurement of Biochemical and Chemical Oxygen Demand. As well as the selection of the flocculant and retention time, tests were carried out at the level of five pilot batches in which the sedimentation, retention, pH and turbidity times were controlled, then the formulation with the best physical-chemical characteristics was chosen, carried out with the measurement of pH with the potentiometer and turbidity with the turbidimeter. An optimization test of the residence time of 60 minutes was carried out, obtaining a time of 48 minutes with a pH of 6.75, a turbidity of 0.49 NTU, an ideal dose of 25% aluminum polychloride of 4 mg/l and an organic load removal of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand of over 99% mg/l. A wastewater treatment plant with an overall efficiency of 97.2% was obtained with the addition of 25% aluminum polychloride as flocculant. The wastewater treatment plant consists of a homogenizer, a settler, three encapsulated filters and a storage tank; the entire system works by gravity. Its implementation is recommended to reduce the amount of consumption by reusing the treated water in gardens and bathrooms, reducing the environmental and economic impact of the process.