We study the role of the thachyonic excitation which emerges from the quantum electrodynamics in two dimensions with Podolsky term. The quantization is performed by using path integral framework and the operator approach.

We recall our approach through discretizations for path integrals and its general results for representations of probability densities. It is shown that the result of Arnold [P. Arnold, Phys. Rev. E 61, 6099 (2000)] is a ...

To understand how single neurons process sensory information, it is necessary to develop suitable stochastic models to describe the response variability of the recorded spike trains. Spikes in a given neuron are produced ...

Stochastic volatility models have been widely studied and used in the financial world. The Heston model (Heston, 1993) [7] is one of the best known models to deal with this issue. These stochastic volatility models are ...

We present a nonperturbative quantization of the two-dimensional massless gauged Thirring model by using the path-integral approach. First, we will study the constraint structure of model via the Dirac's formalism and by ...

In this work we solve exactly a class of three-body propagators for the most general quadratic interactions in the coordinates, for arbitrary masses and couplings. This is done both for the constant as the time-dependent ...

In this work we solve exactly a class of three-body propagators for the most general quadratic interactions in the coordinates, for arbitrary masses and couplings. This is done both for the constant as the time-dependent ...