Cleaning and shaping are important steps in the root canal treatment. Despite the technological advances in endodontics, K and Hedströen files are still widely used. In an attempt to be more effective in preparing the root ...

Purpose: To evaluate the surface roughness and staining of a glass ionomer cement when subjected to different finishing procedures. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four discs of Chem-Fil II glass ionomer cement were submitted ...

Scaling and root planing contribute to the recovery of periodontal health. All periodontal instruments loose their fine cutting angle after use. To maintain this angle, correct sharpening is required using specifically ...

In recent years the availability of equipment for exercise in public places increased demand on the principles of universal design, ergonomics and accessibility, since they are intended for use by many different users. ...