In this study, we characterized the bioenergetic response of the Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cell line and a mouse astrocyte cell line to oxidative stress. Extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and bioenergetic ...

Background: Nanoparticles’ intracellular fate requires proper internalization. Most cells make use of a battery of internalization pathways, but some are practically sealed, as they lack the biochemical machinery for ...

The extracellular environment through which neural crest cells (NCCs) translocate and differentiate plays a crucial role in the determination of cell migration and homing. In the trunk, NCC-derived melanocyte precursor ...

CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are poised at the portals of infection and provide long-term protective immunity. Despite their critical roles, the precise mechanics governing TRM cell reactivation in situ ...

Immunoregulation in the testis is characterized by a balance between immuno-suppression (or immune privilege) and the ability to react to infections and inflammation. In this review, we analyze the phenotypes of the various ...

Male infertility is due to genetics, hormonal or environmental causes, or is idiopathic. Azoospermia is linked to local testicular microenvironment deregulation, with inflammatory cells present in the 15% of testicular ...

In the recent years, the importance of the volume of a given cell has been accepted not only in defining its intracellular osmolality and its shape, but also in defining other cellular functions, such as transepithelial ...

Chemotactic cell migration is triggered by extracellular concentration gradients of molecules segregated by target fields. Neural crest cells (NCCs), paradigmatic as an accurately moving cell population, undergo wide ...

The sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 [NHE1] is a ubiquitously expressed plasma membrane protein that plays a central role in intracellular pH and cell volume homeostasis by catalyzing an electroneutral exchange of ...

The proper function of the immune system entails multiple regulatory pathways aimed at modulating immunogenic and tolero-genic functions of immune cells. Galectins, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins, control a ...