Vascular epiphytes were traditionally studied in pristine forests, and few studies were performed to understand their colonization in secondary forests, particularly in subtropical areas. Many secondary forests are invaded ...

Secondary forests developing on agricultural land after it is abandoned, or as the fallow period in systems of subsistence agriculture, are an increasingly important component of the forest resources of the tropics. They ...

Variation in the composition of the tree population is common throughout the history of a well-preserved forest community, with this natural process maintaining the forest structure and giving rise to ecological processes ...