The presence of immune responses within sea anemone species has received little attention, in comparison with coral species, so we decided to investigate the phenoloxidase and peroxidase activities in ectoderm, endoderm ...

Hemocyanin of the spider Polybetes pythagoricus, in addition to its typical role as an oxygen transporter, also exhibits a phenoloxidase activity induced by micellar concentrations of SDS. In the present work, we found the ...

Phenoloxidases (POs) are a group of copper proteins including tyrosinase, catecholase and laccase. In several insects and crustaceans, antibacterial substances are produced through the PO cascade, participating in the ...

Phenoloxidases (POs) play a key role in melanin production, are involved in invertebrate immune mechanisms, and have been detected in different bivalves. Recently, we identified catecholase- and laccase-like PO activities ...

The prophenoloxidase (proPO) system catalyzing the melanin production is considered as implicated in the innate immune system in invertebrates. The phenoloxidase (PO)-like activity was detected in the cuttlefish embryo ...

Since the preferential body temperature should positively correlate with physiological performance, behavioural fever should enhance an organism's immune response under an immune challenge. Here we have studied the ...

Eyestalk ablation is the most common procedure to induce gonadic maturation in commercial hatcheries of penaeid shrimp. In addition to reproduction, other physiological and metabolic processes are affected by removal of ...