Intracellular pathogens are phagocytosed microorganisms that retain their pathogenic activity. Thus, antimicrobial treatment must provide sufficient intracellular drug concentrations within the phagocyte to be effective. ...

Intracellular pathogens are phagocytosed microorganisms that retain their pathogenic activity. Thus, antimicrobial treatment must provide sufficient intracellular drug concentrations within the phagocyte to be effective. ...

Experiments with insects and crabs have demonstrated their remarkable capacity to learn and memorize complex visual features (Giurfa et al., 2001; Pedreira and Maldonado, 2003; Chittka and Niven, 2009). Such abilities are ...

Animals use binocular information to guide many behaviors. In highly visual arthropods, complex binocular computations involved in processing panoramic optic flow generated during self-motion occur in the optic neuropils. ...

1. The striatum is part of a multisynaptic loop involved in translating higher order cognitive activity into action. The main striatal computational unit is the medium spiny neuron, which integrates inputs arriving from ...

In nature, male moths are exposed to a complex plant odorant environment when they fly upwind to a sex pheromone source in their search for mates. Plant odors have been shown to affect responses to pheromone at various ...

Male moths are confronted with complex odour mixtures in a natural environment when flying towards a female-emitted sex pheromone source. Whereas synergistic effects of sex pheromones and plant odours have been observed ...

1 We have investigated the effects of loperamide on intracellular Ca2+ stores and membrane K+ channels in insulin-secreting hamster insulinoma (HIT-T15) cells. 2 In cell-attached patch-clamp mode, loperamide (3 – 250 mM) ...

Modulation of sensitivity to sensory cues by experience is essential for animals to adapt to a changing environment. Sensitization and adaptation to signals of the same modality as a function of experience have been shown ...