Proca's electrodynamics describes a theory of massive photons which is not gauge invariant. In this paper we show that the gauge invariance is recovered if a scalar field is properly incorporated into the theory. We followed ...

We analyse systems described by first-order actions using the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) formalism for singular systems. In this study we verify that generalized brackets appear in a natural way in HJ approach, showing us the ...

In this work we discuss the natural appearance of the Generalized Brackets in systems with non-involutive (equivalent to second class) constraints in the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. We show how a consistent geometric ...

We analyse systems described by first-order actions using the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) formalism for singular systems. In this study we verify that generalized brackets appear in a natural way in HJ approach, showing us the ...

In this work we discuss the natural appearance of the Generalized Brackets in systems with non-involutive (equivalent to second class) constraints in the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. We show how a consistent geometric ...

Debonding of orthodontic brackets is a common occurrence during orthodontic treatment. Therefore, the best option for treating debonded brackets should be indicated. This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of rebonded ...

We study the scalar electrodynamics (S Q E D (4)) and the spinor electrodynamics (Q E D (4)) in the null-plane formalism. We follow Dirac's technique for constrained systems to analyze the constraint structure in both ...