The use of indirect estimates of ghost-crab populations to assess beach disturbance has several advantages, including non-destructiveness, ease and low cost, although this strategy may add some degree of noise to estimates ...

The stated preference discrete choice experiment, also known as conjoint analysis, is now a standard method for estimating non-use values of natural resources from respondents’ answers to survey questions.3 A choice ...

Burrows play an important role for many species, providing them with shelter and access to food resources. For subterranean rodents, living underground imposes constraints on morphology and physiology. The convergence in ...

The evolution of fossoriality in Squamata often leads to a phenotypic syndrome involving snake-like body form, relatively low preferred temperature (TP) and low critical maximum temperatures (CTmax). However, how traits ...

Animals may build refuges to avoid predation, to communicate, to mate, and to protect against extreme temperatures, among other factors. Allocosa senex is a wolf spider that constructs burrows in the coastal sand dunes of ...

For subterranean rodents, searching for food by extension of the tunnel system and maintenance of body temperature are two of the most important factors affecting their life underground. In this study we assess the effect ...

We developed an innovative method for finding individuals of a conspicuous species in complex urban habitats. The aim of this study was to detect as many burrowing owl nests as possible in order to develop an ecological ...

Escape theory predicts that a prey should flee from an approaching predator at a point in which the cost of staying equals the cost of escape. We manipulated the cost of fleeing upon approaching human predators by providing ...