Many animals require tree cavities for breeding and these sites may be reused by a diversity of secondary cavity nesters over a timespan of decades. It is unknown whether the reuse of holes changes their desirability as ...

Cavity-nesting birds and mammals exhibit species-specific nest-site selection for tree characteristics and cavity dimensions. Although trees and their cavities change as they age, with trees becoming softer and cavities ...

In forests worldwide, tree-cavity supply can limit populations of the 10-40% of bird and mammal species that require cavities for nesting or roosting. Conservation efforts aimed at cavity-using communities have often focused ...

The abundance of wood cavities is thought to be a limiting factor for bird species that depend on these cavities for nesting. Thus, it is expected that number of cavity adopters correlates with number of cavity excavators ...

Tree cavities are a critical multi-annual resource that can limit populations and structure communities of cavity-nesting vertebrates. We examined the regional and local factors influencing lifetime productivity (number ...

It is shown that the generation of cavities in a liquid can produce usable work, which is illustrated by the stretching of a string. This work is done during the expansion of the cavity, and not with its collapse. Basic ...

© 2023 Elsevier B.V.Tree cavities are critical habitat attributes for a diversity of species that use them for reproduction and shelter. Worldwide, their availability has shown an intense decline in forests because of the ...

Protein cavities and tunnels are critical for function. Ligand recognition and binding, transport, and enzyme catalysis require cavities rearrangements. Therefore, the flexibility of cavities should be guaranteed by protein ...

Understanding nest-site selection is critical to conserving tree-cavity-nesting wildlife, but nest-sites may vary across landscapes. We examine variation in the characteristics of trees and cavities used by cavity-nesting ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shape of dental cavities made with the CVDentus® system using different ultrasound power levels. One standard cavity was made on the buccal aspect of 15 bovine incisors with a ...