The present work deals with gauge symmetries in discrete systems and classical field theories. The text presents the method of counting degrees of freedom in Hamiltonian formalism in order to investigate the problem of ...

Direct analysis of solid samples using techniques such as wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD XRF), X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); have ...

In this work we make an introduction to Lattice Gauge Theory, focusing on the Elitzur Theorem about the expected value of not gauge invariant local observables. Finally, after the exposure of the main facts of the theory, ...

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar os erros dos métodos usuais de calibração dos pulverizadores e quantificar o impacto econômico de problemas detectados na inspeção periódica de pulverizadores nas principais regiões ...

IMUs are widely used in applications that require position and attitude measurements. And with the production of low-cost IMUs, it has been possible to expand this use beyond military and high-cost applications, reaching ...

We have studied the physical content of the following models: Maxwell, Proca, Self-Dual and Maxwell-Chern-Simons. One method we have used is the decomposition in the so called helicity variables, which can be done in the ...