Thesis
Análisis numérico de cargas de impacto sobre cráneo humano
Autor
ING. CARRASCO HERNÁNDEZ, FRANCISCO
Institución
Resumen
Since the ancient Egypt, continuing with Greece, Arabia, Spain, England, among others,
it has been considered of great importance to study head impacts, in order to understand
the brain affectation. This thesis shows from the biomechanics point of view, the
mechanical ability of the structure to support a high velocity impact (specifically 100
m/s).
It is necessary to include the bases of biomechanics, specifically impact biomechanics,
starting with dynamics, particularly the principle of impulse and momentum, to show
the mechanical bases of the impact. If it is done a homology in so far as the elastic and
plastic behavior of materials it is easier to understand what happens inside the material
that is exposed to a sudden load.
Having the prior knowledge three shell idealizations are made, that is considered the
mechanical structure of the human skull, the first idealization shown a perfectly plastic
material, with three movement phases, an energy discussion, as well as an impulsive
load; follow by the elastic perfectly plastic material idealization, with four movement
phases, an energy discussion, and an impulsive load; and finally when the idealization
of the material behavior is rigid perfectly plastic, obtained two movement phases, an
energy discussion, and an impulsive load.
Knowing the mechanical part of the study that is desire to do, is necessary to compound
with the knowledge of the human skull anatomy, including a study of the architecture of
the skull, and a explication of the brain its parts and pathologies that are generated when
receiving an impact.
Within the core of the present study, it is shown the performance of the numerical
analysis, showing the methodology for modeling the skull, and the characteristics of
each study, including the frontal, lateral, superior and back modes, obtaining the results
for total displacement, maximum principal stress, shear stress, equivalent plastic strain,
maximum shear stress and equivalent stress; energy analysis are performed of each
study including the internal energy, the kinetic energy, internal energy and plastic work. Finally the culmination of the work is reached by including conclusions regarding each
study, generating a comparison of all studies to look in a comprehensive way all the
results.