Thesis
EVALUACIÓN DEL GRADO DE RIESGO DE INCENDIO EN UNA ESCUELA DE NIVEL SUPERIOR. PROPUESTA DE MEJORA
Autor
CASILLAS MARTÍNEZ, GABRIELA HORTENSIA
Institución
Resumen
The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the risk of fire in a college of the National
Politechnical Institute.
The specific objectives are:
- To characterize the fire hazard in each of the buildings.
- Assess the degree of global risk of fire and each of the buildings that make up the
school with Gretener Method.
- Apply the NOM-002-STPS-2010 as complementary methods for risk analysis.
- Compare the results with Method Gretener and the NOM-002-STPS-2010 in order to
determine the degree of compliance with the rule.
- Propose a program of preventive safety at work to reduce the degree of risk of fire and
protect the integrity of workers.
This method was developed by M. Gretener in Switzerland in 1960. It was designed for
industrial building but also applies to hotels, hospitals, exhibition centers and schools
(among others). Gretener method considers the architectural design, construction,
activity and content of the building to assess the risk of fire. The last two points are very
important for this work because it must take into account the activities and the person
occupying the property, and protection devices with which account.
To evaluate the protective measures, first you must consider the type of activity taking
place in the building. Once determined, we proceed to evaluate the risk of fire cash,
which are included variables such as: thermal load interest, flammability, smoke fumes,
danger of corrosion or toxicity, heat load real estate, local height, size of compartment
firewall. For each oh these values are assigned a quantitative value. Subsequently
focuses on: Normal protective measures: fire extinguishers, hydrants, personnel
trained in firefighting, etc. Special measures: fire detection systems, alarm transmission
systems, availability of fire brigade. Measures specific of the construction: fire
resistance, of different structures, etc.
NOM-002-STPS-2010 was applied also to determine the risk of fire in accordance with
Mexican law and assess the degree of compliance with it.
The study was conducted in 5 buildings of the school of higher education. Three of
them are intended for mixed use (two for classrooms and laboratories and the third
account also has outpatient services, so the floating population that accesses it is much
higher than in the first two). The fourth is used as a gym and the fifth, as a library.
The results in each of the buildings after application of Gretener´s Method and NOM-
002-STPS-2010, confirm that none of the property has adequate security measures. We
therefore propose that a prevention program that will eliminate the risk of fire, avoiding
human and material losses in the event of an accident is generated.