Artículos de revistas
Endothelial Wall Thickness, Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Inflammatory Markers In Obese And Non-obese Adolescents
Registro en:
Brazilian Journal Of Physical Therapy. Revista Brasileira De Fisioterapia, v. 18, n. 1, p. 47 - 55, 2014.
14133555
10.1590/S1413-35552012005000133
2-s2.0-84897008840
Autor
Silva L.R.
Cavaglieri C.
Lopes W.A.
Pizzi J.
Coelho-e-Silva M.J.C.
Leite N.
Institución
Resumen
Background: Increased carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) is considered a marker of early-onset atherosclerosis and it has been found in obese children and adolescents, but the risk factors associated with this population remain to be elucidated. Objective: To compare and verify the relationship between c-IMT, metabolic profile, inflammatory markers, and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese and non-obese children and adolescents. Method: Thirtyfive obese subjects (19 boys) and 18 non-obese subjects (9 boys), aged 10-16 years, were included. Anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and basal metabolic rate were evaluated. Serum glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin were assessed. c-IMT was measured by ultrasound. Results: The results showed that c-IMT, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA-IR, and CRP values were significantly higher in the obese group than in the non-obese group, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), adiponectin, and VO2max values were significantly lower in the obese group than in the non-obese group. The c-IMT was directly correlated with body weight, waist circumference, % body fat, and HOMA-IR and inversely correlated with % free fat mass, HDL-c, and VO2max. Conclusions: Our findings show that c-IMT correlates not only with body composition, lipids, insulin resistance, and inflammation but also with low VO2max values in children and adolescents. 18 1 47 55 McGill Jr., H.C., Herderick, E.E., McMahan, C.A., Zieske, A.W., Malcolm, G.T., Tracy, R.E., Atherosclerosis in youth (2002) Minerva Pediatr, 54, pp. 437-447. , PMid:12244281 Zhu, W., Huang, X., He, J., Li, M., Neubauer, H., Arterial intima-media thickening and endothelial dysfunction in obese Chinese children (2005) Eur J Pediatr, 164, pp. 337-344. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-005-1642-y, PMid:15750804 Giannini, C., de Giorgis, T., Scarinci, A., Ciampani, M., Marcovecchio, M.L., Chiarelli, F., Obese related effects of inflammatory markers and insulin resistance on increased carotid intima media thickness in pre-pubertal children (2008) Atherosclerosis, 197, pp. 448-456. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.06.023, PMid:17681348 Beauloye, V., Zech, F., Tran, H.T., Clapuyt, P., Maes, M., Brichard, S.M., Determinants of early atherosclerosis in obese children and adolescents (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, pp. 3025-3032. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-0619, PMid:17519311 Brasil, A.R., Norton, R.C., Rossetti, M.B., Leao, E., Mendes, R.P., C-reactive protein as an indicator of low intensity inflammation in children and adolescents with and without obesity (2007) J Pediatr (Rio J), 83, pp. 477-480 Asayama, K., Hayashibe, H., Dobashi, K., Uchida, N., Nakane, T., Kodera, K., Decrease in serum adiponectin level due to obesity and visceral fat accumulation in children (2003) Obes Res, 11, pp. 1072-1079. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2003.147, PMid:12972677 Nishimura, R., Sano, H., Matsudaira, T., Morimoto, A., Miyashita, Y., Shirasawa, T., Changes in body mass index, leptin and adiponectin in Japanese children during a three-year follow-up period: A populationbased cohort study (2009) Cardiovasc Diabetol, 8, p. 30. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-8-30, PMid:, 19490650 PMCid:PMC2701411 Bouassida, A., Chamari, K., Zaouali, M., Feki, Y., Zbidi, A., Tabka, Z., Review on leptin and adiponectin responses and adaptations to acute and chronic exercise (2010) Br J Sports Med, 44, pp. 620-630. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.046151, PMid:18927166 Kumar, V., Sachdev, H.P., Khalil, A., Noninvasive evaluation of endothelial function and arterial mechanics in overweight adolescents (2004) Indian Pediatr, 41, pp. 1105-1114. , PMid:15591660 Kapuku, G.K., Harshfield, G.A., Davis, H.C., Treiber, F.A., Early markers of cardiovascular disease (2006) Vascul Pharmacol, 45, pp. 277-280. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2006.08.009, PMid:17011834 Farpour-Lambert, N.J., Aggoun, Y., Marchand, L.M., Martin, X.E., Herrmann, F.R., Beghetti, M., Physical activity reduces systemic blood pressure and improves early markers of atherosclerosis in pre-pubertal obese children (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol, 54, pp. 2396-2406. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.030, PMid:20082930 Kuczmarski, R.J., Ogden, C.L., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Flegal, K.M., Guo, S.S., Wei, R., CDC growth charts: United States (2000) Adv Data, 314, pp. 1-27. , PMid:11183293 Tanner, J.M., Normal growth and techniques of growth assessment (1986) Clin Endocrinol Metab, 15, pp. 411-451. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0300-595X(86)80005-6 The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents (2004) Pediatrics, 114, pp. 555-576. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.2.S2.555, National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents, PMid:15286277 Lohman, T.G., Roche, A.F., Martorell, R., (1988) Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual, , Champaign: Human Kinetics Fernandez, J.R., Redden, D.T., Pietrobelli, A., Allison, D.B., Waist circumference percentiles in nationally representative samples of African-American, European-American, and Mexican-American children and adolescents (2004) J Pediatr, 145, pp. 439-444. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.06.044, PMid:15480363 Houtkooper, L.B., Going, S.B., Lohman, T.G., Roche, A.F., van Loan, M., Bioelectrical impedance estimation of fat-free body mass in children and youth: A cross-validation study (1992) J Appl Physiol, 72, pp. 366-373. , PMid:1537738 Bioelectrical impedance analysis in body composition measurement: National Institutes of Health Technology Assessment Conference Statement (1996) Am J Clin Nutr, 64 (3 SUPPL.), pp. 524S-532S. , PMid:8780375 (2006) ACSM'S Guidelines For Exercise Testing and Prescription, , American College of Sports Medicine - ACSM, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Leite, N., Milano, G.E., Cieslak, F., Lopes, W.A., Rodacki, A., Radominski, R.B., Effects of physical exercise and nutritional guidance on metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents (2009) Rev Bras Fisioter, 13, pp. 73-81. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552009005000009 Back, G.I.C., Caramelli, B., Pellanda, L., Duncan, B., Mattos, S., Fonseca, F.H., I guidelines of prevention of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence (2005) Arq Bras Cardiol, 85 (6 SUPPL.), pp. 4-36. , PMid:16597097 Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R., Fredrickson, D.S., Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge (1972) Clin Chem, 18, pp. 499-502. , PMid:4337382 Lamotte, C., Iliescu, C., Libersa, C.F.G., Increased intimamedia thickness of the carotid artery in childhood: A systematic review of observational studies (2011) Eur J Pediatr, 170, pp. 719-729. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-010-1328-y, PMid:20978785 Silva, L.R., Stefanello, J.M.F., Pizzi, J., Timossi, L.S., Leite, N., Atherosclerosis subclinical and inflammatory markers in obese and nonobese Children and adolescents (2012) Rev Bras Epidemiol, 15 (4), p. 13. , PMid:22450489 Di Pino, A., Alagona, C., Piro, S., Calanna, S., Spadaro, L., Palermo, F., Separate impact of metabolic syndrome and altered glucose tolerance on early markers of vascular injuries (2012) Atherosclerosis, 223 (2), pp. 458-462. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.05.008, PMid:22742860 Recio-Rodriguez, J.I., Gomez-Marcos, M.A., Patino-Alonso, M.C., Agudo-Conde, C., Rodriguez-Sanchez, E., Garcia-Ortiz, L., Abdominal obesity vs general obesity for identifying arterial stiffness, subclinical atherosclerosis and wave reflection in healthy, diabetics and hypertensive (2012) BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 12, p. 3. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2261-12-3, PMid:22292502 PMCid:PMC3395841 Wang, Y., Ma, X., Zhou, M., Zong, W., Zhang, L.Y.H., Zhu, J., Contribution of visceral fat accumulation to carotid intima-media thickness in a Chinese population (2012) Int J Obes (Lond), 36 (9), pp. 51203-51208. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.222, PMid:22124446 PMCid:PMC3448043 Manios, E., Michas, F., Tsivgoulis, G., Stamatelopoulos, K., Tsagalis, G., Koroboki, E., Impact of prehypertension on carotid artery intima-media thickening: Actual or masked? (2011) Atherosclerosis, 214, pp. 215-219. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.032, PMid:21122854 Mangge, H., Schauenstein, K., Stroedter, L., Griesl, A., Maerz, W., Borkenstein, M., Low grade inflammation in juvenile obesity and type 1 diabetes associated with early signs of atherosclerosis (2004) Exper Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 112 (7), pp. 378-382. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-821023, PMid:15239023 Arnaiz, P., Acevedo, M., Barja, S., Aglony, M., Guzmán, B., Cassis, B., Adiponectin levels, cardiometabolic risk fators and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in children (2008) Int J Cardiol, 138, pp. 138-144. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.08.007, PMid:18774612 Mangge, H., Almer, G., Haj-Yahya, S., Grandits, N., Gasser, R., Pilz, S., Nuchal thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue is tightly associated with an increased LMW/total adiponectin ratio in obese juveniles (2009) Atherosclerosis, 203 (1), pp. 277-283. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.06.013, PMid:18656877 Kelishadi, R., Cook, S.R., Amrac, B., Adibi, A., Factors associated with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among youths (2009) Atherosclerosis, 204, pp. 538-543. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.034, PMid:19013572 Herouvi, D., Karanasios, E., Karayianni, C., Karavanaki, K., Cardiovascular disease in childhood: The role of obesity (2013) Eur J Pediatr, 172, pp. 721-732. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-013-1932-8, PMid:23340698 Higashi, Y., Noma, K., Yoshizumi, M., Kihara, Y., Endothelial function and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases (2009) Circ J, 73 (3), pp. 411-418. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-08-1102, PMid:19194043 Jimenez, M.V., Estepa, R.M., Camacho, R.M., Estrada, R.C., Luna, F.G., Guitarte, F.B., Endothelial dysfunction is related to insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarker levels in obese prepubertal children (2007) Eur J Endocrinol, 156, pp. 497-502. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-06-0662, PMid:17389466 Vanhoutte, P.M., Endothelial dysfunction: The first step toward coronary arteriosclerosis (2009) Circ J, 73, p. 7. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-08-1169 Han, S.H., Sakuma, I., Shin, E.K., Koh, K.K., Antiatherosclerotic and anti-insulin resistance effects of adiponectin: Basic and clinical studies (2009) Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 52 (2), pp. 126-140. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2009.06.004, PMid:19732605 Lee, C.D., Jae, S.Y., Iribarren, C., Pettee, K.K., Choi, H., Physical fitness and carotid atherosclerosis in men (2009) Int J Sports Med, 30, pp. 672-676. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1224179, PMid:19569012 Thijssen, D.H., Cable, N.T., Green, D.J., Impact of exercise training on arterial wall thickness in humans (2012) Clin Sci (Lond), 122 (7), pp. 311-322. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/CS20110469, PMid:22150253, PMCid:3233305 Kim, E.S., Park, J.-H., Lee, M.K., Lee, D.H., Kang, E.S., Lee, H.C., Associations between Fatness, Fitness, IGF and IMT among Obese Korean Male Adolescents (2011) Diabetes Metab J, 35 (6), pp. 610-618. , http://dx.doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.6.610, PMid:22247904, PMCid:PMC3253972 Pahkala, K., Laitinen, T.T., Heinonen, O.J., Viikari, J.S., Ronnemaa, T., Niinikoski, H., Association of fitness with vascular intima-media thickness and elasticity in adolescence (2013) Pediatrics, 132 (1), pp. e77-e84. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0041, PMid:23753102 Eisenmann, J.C., Welk, G.J., Ihmels, M., Dollmlan, J., Fatness, fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents (2007) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 39 (8), pp. 1251-1257. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318064c8b0, PMid:17762357 Montero, D., Walther, G., Perez-Martin, A., Roche, E., Vinet, A., Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress in obese children and adolescents: Markers and effect of lifestyle intervention (2012) Obes Rev, 13, pp. 441-455. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00956.x, PMid:22133012