Pain control is an important aspect of equine medicine. Musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal diseases are the most important clinical and surgical painful situations in this specie. In these cases, opioids have been used ...

Recovery quality and times from general anesthesia in horses may be influenced by surgery, analgesia with morphine or combinations of both. Twenty-three adult healthy horses were enrolled in this prospective experimental ...

The equine anesthesia is proven to be a high risk procedure, for both patient and anesthetist, compared to other animal species. In these conditions, a good anesthetic protocol that can deliver sedation, making access and ...

The objective of this review was to perform a literature compilation of all the equine publications that used dexmedetomidine as the first article on this topic was published, in 2005. We also aimed to answer the question ...

To investigate two protocols to provide antinociception in horses. To evaluate the antinociceptive effects of intravenous methadone combined with detomidine or acepromazine in adult horses. Randomised, blinded, crossover ...

The α₂-adrenergic receptor agonists are widely used in equine practice, especially in antalgic therapy, because they promote profound sedation and moderate visceral analgesia. The opioids are used in horses with some ...