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Acupuncture affects autonomic and endocrine but not behavioural responses induced by startle in horses
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015-08)
Startle is a fast response elicited by sudden acoustic, tactile, or visual stimuli in a variety of animals and in humans. As the magnitude of startle response can be modulated by external and internal variables, it can be ...
Direct and indirect connections between cochlear root neurons and facial motor neurons: Pathways underlying the acoustic pinna reflex in the albino rat
(2008-04-10)
Cochlear root neurons (CRNs) are involved in the acoustic startle reflex, which is widely used in behavioral models of sensorimotor integration. A short-latency component of this reflex, the auricular reflex, promotes pinna ...
Neurochemistry of the afferents to the rat cochlear root nucleus: Possible synaptic modulation of the acoustic startle
(Pergamon-Elsevier B.V. Ltd, 2008-06-12)
Afferents to the primary startle circuit are essential for the elicitation and modulation of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR). In the rat, cochlear root neurons (CRNs) comprise the first component of the acoustic startle ...
The importance of brainstem mechanisms in the neurobiology of stress and anxietyLa importancia del mecanismo tallo cerebral en la neurobiología del estrés y la ansiedad
(Sociedad Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta / Mexican Society of Behavior Analysis, 2011)