BACKGROUND: Calculating the maximum heart rate for age is one method to characterize the maximum effort of an individual. Although this method is commonly used, little is known about heart rate dynamics in optimized ...

Fatty acids are the main substrates used by mitochondria to provide myocardial energy under normal conditions. During heart remodeling, however, the fuel preference switches to glucose. In the earlier stages of cardiac ...

Background: Although skeletal muscle atrophy and changes in myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms have often been observed during heart failure, their pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely defined. In this study ...

BACKGROUND: The relationship between the percentage of oxygen consumption reserve and percentage of heart rate reserve in heart failure patients either on non-optimized or off beta-blocker therapy is known to be unreliable. ...

In recent years, beta-blocker therapy has become a primary pharmacologic intervention in patients with heart failure by blocking the sympathetic activity. To compare the exercise training`s sympathetic blockade in healthy ...

One of the most often used strategies to study the physiopathological alterations caused by coronary occlusion is the use of the experimental infarction model in rats. Among other factors, this is due to the similarities ...

It has been demonstrated that there is an association between serum lipoproteins and survival rate in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, as well as in patients with non-ischemic causes of heart failure. We tested the ...

Oral vasodilators have proved to be valuable drugs in the management of systolic or diastolic congestive heart failure. They produce a clinical and hemodynamic relief of preload, afterload or both during the resting state ...